The McDonaldisation of Management

It is 7am at the front desk of an exclusive hotel inIf in doubt, next time you take your kids there try
the US. She is tall, wearing a name badge,to ask for a 'medium rare' for you and a 'rare' for
immaculately dressed, extremely polite, and,them, two kinds of fries, overcooked and normal,
fundamentally, very unlucky to have me in front ofdouble-size bread for you and to swap the inclusive
her. I am an angry customer checking out after asoft drink for another liquid. They'll call the men in
three-day stay when everything that could go wrongwhite coats.
went wrong. The shower went from volcanic toJudgement is in short supply. It requires exercise of
polar temperatures with no warning, room servicethe cortex in the brain. McDonaldised management is
took an average of 70 minutes, the housekeepermainly under paleoencephalic, subcortical control.
thought that the room was empty and stormed inManagement spends an enormous amount of time
during my post-jetlag early bedtime, the TV screencreating, designing, redesigning and changing
told me I would be charged for movies that I hadprocesses. It's all a matter of having lots of
not watched, one of the telephones in the room didwell-defined pipes connected to each other to push
not work, and next door neighbours had a 24-hourthings through. Managers who believe that
party which the thin walls broadcast to the world.management is basically a plumbing system will make
And the price of the room was astronomical.sure that the right things (ideas, money, time,
I looked in her eyes and described the litany ofproducts, molecules, memos, checklists and
problems, frustrations and near-suicidal feelings. I wasteleconferences) enter the system through the right
furious. I looked and sounded furious. She took someinput pipe. Then they'll go home and back several
notes on a little yellow pad while nodding at my listtimes until at some point things start to appear at
of problems. She even looked sympathetic for athe end. Helas, here it comes: the project team
fraction of second. "Obviously, sir, I will let theminutes, the new hires, the amended SOP or the
manager know." OK, great! Then she hands me thedecision to proceed
bill.(to the next set of pipes).
"Did you have a good stay, sir?"Henry Ford epitomised the McDonaldised manager
I couldn't believe it at first, but it was something inwhen he wondered, "why is it that each time I ask
her automatic pilot look that gave me the clue. Thefor a pair of hands, they come attached to a brain?"
handing out of the bill must come, I thought, in theirHe also produced the famous "you can have any
automatic pilot Customer Happiness, Care andcolour of car you want as long as it's black".
Services Training sort of way together with a "didIt would be easy to see the caricature in all this, the
you have a good day, sir". The fact that thesurface, the tip of the iceberg in these lines, and
customer has just given an apocalyptic account ofpretend that I am praising a lack of processes. Far
the hotel does not figure in the manual.from it. We need processes, and, dare I say, strong
"No, I didn't have a good stay, as a matter of fact, Iand solid ones. But they have to come with an equal
have just explained to you for the last ten minutesdose of judgement, sometimes based on values and
that I've been on the verge of a nervous breakdownbeliefs, that may force you to bypass the process.
and those sort of states usually are mutuallyWe are rich in pipes and poor in new ideas to flow
exclusive with a good stay." "I am sorry to hear that,through them. We can create enormous, fabulous,
sir. Next time we will make sure that things arepristine and elegant plumbing systems that may push
better." "There isn't a next time, my friend." "Excuserubbish through. Add to that process a 'time to
me?"market programme' and you will deliver rubbish faster.
"Oh, forget it."Not bad. And sad.
Then she looks puzzled. I have the bill in my handsManagement needs to be aware of the potential
and haven't put it away or gone yet. I am in thedanger of McDonaldisation of work itself and
process of exhibiting the strangest of behaviours,management practices in general. There are no
apparently, that is, reading it.esoteric tricks here to fix it. Ask yourself as many
"OK, all set," she sort of insists. "No, it's not all set," Itimes as you can the most important management
pronounce with a heavy accent on the 'all'. "May Iquestion: "what is the question we are trying to
read it and see if I agree?" "Yes, sure, but it's all onanswer" and its equivalent: "why are we doing this?"
your American Express already." "Tell me, is it"is this the only way?" "what are the alternatives?"
common practice here to ignore the content of bills?"Kids go through a period of personal development
"No sir, of course sir, you are welcome to do it... butwhen they ask 'why' every other second.
usually people here come on business."Management could do with some regression to
I'll spare you my comments on the incrediblechildhood.
inference that people in business are not expected toSupermarket checkout at 4.30pm. I have reached the
care about bills; they are all expenses after all andcheckout with the same pride as a climber planting
usually somebody else's money.the flag on the summit. I carry about 100 items in a
That lady at the front desk had a very precisebasket designed to hold half a dozen little packets. I
mental (and physical) algorithm on what to do andlook overwhelmed, exhausted and am praying for a
what to say. It was all in the training manual, Imagic trick that will automatically allocate my
suppose, and in some sort of Standard Operatinggroceries and the rest to the right plastic bags. I
Procedure where deviations are not allowed,have bought more things that I can carry. "Will that
judgement not needed. A robot from Silicon Valleybe all, sir?"
could have done a similar or even better job.I thought of the girl at the front desk in the US hotel.
Management can be very similar to front desks atSomewhere in her subcortical system, the word 'bill'
7am in exclusive business hotels. In some(or was it the noise of the printer) triggered the
organisations things must happen in a standard way'did-you-have-a-nice-stay' thing.
and deviations are a sin. Many managers are trapped"No, it's not all, I just happen to be in the checkout
in semi-religious attitudes towards 'the process'.proximity and thought, hey, let's unload the stuff in
A 'process' is a pathway that usually takes you tobits and pieces; I am going to leave all this here with
places. The more people follow that particular path,you, I promise I'll be back. Tell the other 20 in the
the higher the probability of reaching that particularqueue to wait."
destination. When the process is king, noI did not say that of course. I behaved myself. I am
spontaneous efforts are needed to reach thegetting increasingly intolerant of automatic behaviours.
destination - this is why we have a process, we say.The supermarket assistant would ask the same
But the process runs the risk of creating anquestion of everybody regardless of the number of
automatic pilot culture where people don't questionitems, size of the basket, or any other variable.
things any more and where work has beenThere is something somewhere in the SOP part of
'McDonaldised'.the brain that makes people in supermarket
McDonaldisation of work has been described as acheckouts ask that question. Invariably, 100 out of
way of ensuring consistency and continuity well100 customers say, "yes, that's all" (at least in my
outside the fast food industry. How many times dorandom sample experimental conditions).
we use the word 'consistency' in our dailyNext week, same time, same place, same assistant.
management? Probably as many as we use the wordBefore he could say a word, I said "That's all today".
'objective'. When was the last time you wanted toHe looked at me. "Funny you should say that! I was
hire a manager who was inconsistent and subjectivegoing to ask you."
(yes, like your teenager daughter)?My natural inquisitive nature, or my frustrated
Many management practices in organisations areanthropologist within, led me to ask the question:
there as a given, unquestioned, as part of a"Why do you all say this all the time?" "You'd be
supposed 'body of good practice'. The problem withsurprised, sir, some customers ask for a pack of
semi-obsessive process-driven organisation is thatcigarettes once we've finished the transaction, that's
progressively it generates less and less need forwhy we ask if they're sure that it will be all, you
judgement. Total McDonaldisation equals end ofsee?" "But, you don't sell cigarettes here at this
judgement. It works for McDonalds.checkout!" "You have a point, sir, you have a point.